"A land of wheat and barley and vines and fig-trees and pomegranates, a land of olive oil and honey."

Plants of the Bible

2856 types of plants have been recorded as natives of Israel, and about hundred ten plant names are mentioned in the Bible and scattered throughout much more different entries. Some are referred to many times, some less often, and some only once.
The identification of the plants has posed problems for biblical botanists, for the writers of the Bible were not botanists.

The first attempt to classify this flora is in Genesis 1:11-12, And God said, Let the earth bring forth grass, the herb yielding seed, and the fruit tree yielding fruit after his kind, whose seed is in itself, upon the earth; and it was so.
In the narrative of the creation there is only one general botanical division made, that is to say: (1) grass - deshe (דשא), signifying all low plants, e. g., Cryptogamae; (2) herbs - ‘esebh (עשב), including herbaceous plants; (3) fruit tree - ‘etz pri (עץ פרי), embracing all trees.


Plants of the Bible: An alphabetical list of the scientific names.

(Dutch) Planten uit de Bijbel: Een alfabetische lijst van Bijbelse planten met Nederlandse namen

Click on plant name to view the corresponding plant information page and Bible resources.

A

Abies cilicica
Acacia (Heb. shittim)
Acanthus syriacus
Acorus calamus
Althaea setosa, Alcea setosa
Alkanna tinctoria, Alkanna tuberculata
Allium ampeloprasum, Allium porrum
Aloe vera,Aloe barbadensis, Aloe vulgaris
Amygdalus communis
Anabasis articulata, Salsola articulata
Anemone coronaria
Anethum graveolens
Anthemis palestina, Anthemis melanolepis
Aquilaria agallocha
Artemisia arborescens
Arundo donax
Atriplex halimus

B

Balanites aegyptiaca, Ximenia aegyptiaca
Balm
Boswellia sacra Flueckiger
Brassica nigra, Sinapis nigra
Butomus umbellatus

C

Calotropis procera
Capparis spinosa
Cedrus libani
Centaurea iberica
Ceratonia siliqua
Cercis siliquastrum
Cichorium endivia
Cinnamomum zeylanicum
Cistus incanus
Citrullus colocynthis
Citrus medica
Commiphora abyssinica, Commiphora habessinica
Conium maculatum
Cupressus sempervirens
Cyperus papyrus

D

There are no “D” names.

E

Echinops viscosus
Eruca sativa

F

Ficus carica
Ficus sycomorus

G

Gundelia tournefortii

H

Hordeum vulgare
Hyoscyamus albus
Hyoscyamus aureus

I

There are no “I” names.

J

There are no “J” names.

K

There are no “K” names.

L

Laurus nobilis
Lilium candidum
Linum
Lycium europaeum

M

Majorana syriaca, Origanum syriacum
Malva nicaeensis
Malva sylvestris
Mandragora autumnalis, Mandragora officinarum
Mentha longifolia
Morus alba
Morus nigra
Myrtus communis

N

Narcissus tazettas
Nerium oleander
Notobasis syriaca
Nymphaea alba

O

Olea europaea
Origanum syriacum

P

Phoenix dactylifera
Phragmites australis, Phragmites communis
Pinus halepensis
Pinus pinea
Pistacia atlantica
Pistacia lentiscus
Pistacia palaestina
Platanus orientalis
Populus alba
Populus euphratica
Prunus armenica
Punica granatum

Q

Quercus aegilops
Quercus boissieri
Quercus calliprinos
Quercus infectoria
Quercus ithaburensis

R

Rhamnus lotus
Rhamnus spina-christi
Reichardia tingitana
Retama raetam
Ricinus communis
Rubus sanguineus, Rubus sanctus
Ruta chalepensis,Ruta bracteosa

S

Salix alba
Salvia dominica, Salvia graveolens
Sarcopoterium spinosum
Scolymus maculatus
Scolymus hispanicus
Silybum marianum
Sinapis alba
Sinapis arvensis
Styrax officinalis

T

Tamarix aphylla, Tamarix articulate
Triticum aestivum
Tulipa agenensis,Tulipa oculis-solis, Tulipa sharonensis
Typha domingensis, Typha australis

U

Urtica membranacea, Urtica caudata, Urtica dubia
Urtica pilulifera, Urtica dodartii
Urtica urens

V

Viburnum tinus
Vitis vinifera

W

There are no “W” names.

X

Xanthium strumarium,Xanthium occidentale, Xanthium pungens

Y

There are no “Y” names.

Z

Zilla spinosa
Ziziphus lotus
Ziziphus spina-christi
Zygophyllum dumosum


Plants of the Bible: An alphabetical list of English names.

A

Acacia
Acanthus
Aleppo Oak
Aleppo Pine
Almond
Aloe
Apple
Arabian Myrrh
Arugula
Athel tree, Athel tamarisk

B

Balm
Bean Caper Plant
Bitter Gourd
Bitter Herbs
Bitter Herbs
Black mustard
Boissier Oak
Boxthorn
Bramble
Bread Wheat
Bristly hollyhock
Brushwood
Bulrush
Bulrush

C

Cane
Castor Bean, Castor-Oil Plant
Cedar of Lebanon
Charlock
Christ's Thorn
Citron
Citronelle Marron
Common Barley
Common Caper
Common Reed
Common Rue
Carob
Crowm Anemone

D

Date Palm
Dill
Dominican Sage
Dwarf Chicory
Dyer's Bugloss

E

Eaglewood, aloes
Edible Fig
Egyptian Paper Plant
Etrog
Euphrates Poplar,Euphrates aspen

F

Fig
Fig-mulberry
Flax
Flowering Rush
Flowers of the field, tzitz ha-sadeh
Frankincense
Fringed Rue
Funeral Cypress

G

Galgal
Garden Rocket
Globe Thistle
Goodly Tree
Gourd
Grapevine
Golden Henbane
Great-Headed Garlic, Wild Leek

H

Herb Bennet
Herb of Grace
Holy Bramble
Holy Thistle
Hordeum vulgare
Hyssop

I

Iberian Knapweed

J

Jerusalem Pine
Jointed Anabis
Juda's Tree
Jujube

K

Kermes Oak

L

Ladanum
Laurel
Laurustinus
Linen
Locust
Lotus Jujube, Lotus Tree

M

Madonna Lily
Majoram
Mallow (1)
Mallow (2)
Mastic Tree
Mediterranean cypress
Mediterranean Redbud
Membranous Nettle
Milk Thistle
Mint
Mother Die
Mulberry (White)
Mulberry (Black)
Myrrh Tree
Myrtle

N

Narcissus
Nile Papyrus

O

Oak
Official Storax
Oleander
Olivetree
Oriental Plane Tree

P

Palestine Oak
Palma Christi
Poison Hemlock
Pomegranate

Q

There are no “Q” names.

R

Reed
Rockrose (Soft-Hairy Rockrose)
Roquette
Rough Cocklebur
Rue

S

Salad Mustard
Sea Purslane, Shrubby Orache
Sharon Tulip
Shikma
Shortpod Mustard
Small nettle
Soapberry Tree
Sodom's Apple
Southern Cattail
Spanish Centaury-thistle
Spiny Zilla
Spotted Golden Thistle
St. John's-Bread
Stone Pine
Storax
Sun's-eye Tulip
Swallow tailed willow
Sweet Bay
Sycamine
Sycomore fig
Syrian bear's breech
Syrian Thistle

T

Tabor Oak
Terebinth
Terebinth Tree
Tidhar
Thorny Burnet
True Laurel
Tumble Thistle
Tumbleweed
Turpentine Tree

U

There are no “U” names.

V

Valonea Oak

W

Wheat
White Henbane
White Mustard
White Poplar
White Water-Lily
White Weeping Broom
White Willow
Wild Mustard
Wormwood

X

There are no “X” names.

Y

There are no “Y” names.

Z

Zacum oil plant


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Plants of the Bible, Flowers of the Holy Land, פרחים וצמחי בר בארץ ישראל, פרחים, תורה